Dissent is a sentiment or philosophy of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea In the most narrow sense, an idea is just whatever is before the mind when one thinks. Very often, ideas are construed as representational images; i.e. images of some object. In other contexts, ideas are taken to be concepts, although abstract concepts do not necessarily appear as images. Many philosophers consider ideas to be a fundamental (eg. a government A government is the organization, or agency through which a political unit exercises its authority, controls and administers public policy, and directs and controls the actions of its members or subjects's policies A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome. The term is not normally used to denote what is actually done, this is normally referred to as either procedure or protocol. Whereas a policy will contain the 'what' and the 'why', procedures or protocols contain the 'what', the 'how', the ') or an entity An entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence, though it need not be a material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate. Entities are used in system developmental models that display communications and internal (eg. an individual As commonly used, an individual is a person or any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means "indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person." . From the seventeenth or political party A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions. Parties often espouse an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among which supports such policies). The term's antonyms In lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up : down, and precede : follow. The notion of incompatibility here refers to fact that one word in an opposite pair entails that it is not the other pair member. For example, something that is include agreement, consensus Consensus is defined in English as, firstly - general agreement and, secondly - group solidarity of belief or sentiment. It has its origin in a Latin word meaning literally to feel together (when all or nearly all parties agree on something) and consent Consent can be either expressed or implied. For example, participation in a contact sport usually implies consent to contact by other participants, when contact is permitted by the rules of the sport. Express consent exists when verbal or written contractual agreement occurs (when one party agrees to a proposition made by another).
In some political systems A political system is a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems. It is different from them, and can be generally defined on a spectrum from left, e.g. communism, to the right, e.g. fascism. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more, dissent may be formally expressed by way of opposition politics Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. Note that this article uses the term government as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning the administration or the cabinet rather than the state, while politically repressive Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of society regimes may prohibit any form of dissent, leading to suppression of dissent Suppression of dissent occurs when an individual or group which is more powerful than another tries to directly or indirectly censor, persecute or otherwise oppress the other party, rather than engage with and constructively respond to or accommodate the other party's arguments or viewpoint. When dissent is perceived as a threat, action may be and the encouragement of social or political activism Activism consists of intentional action to bring about social, political, economic, or environmental change. This action is in support of, or opposition to, one side of an often controversial argument.[citation needed] Individuals who do not conform or support the policies of certain states may be described as "dissidents A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement," or in extreme cases, "enemies of the state An enemy of the state is a person accused of certain crimes against the state, such as treason. Describing individuals in this way is sometimes a manifestation of political repression. For example, an authoritarian regime may purport to maintain national security by describing social or political dissidents as "enemies of the state". In".[citation needed] Several thinkers have argued that a healthy society needs not only to protect, but also to encourage dissent.[1][2]
In a well known letter to Arnold Ruge Arnold Ruge was a German philosopher and political writer, Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, self-taught political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism and socialism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 184 wrote: "if constructing the future and settling everything for all times are not our affair, it is all the more clear what we have to accomplish at present: I am referring to ruthless criticism of all that exists, ruthless both in the sense of not being afraid of the results it arrives at and in the sense of being just as little afraid of conflict with the powers that be."[3]
See also
- Civil disobedience Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. Civil disobedience is usually, but not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance. In its most nonviolent form it could be said that it is compassion in the form of respectful disagreement. One of its
- Contrarian A contrarian is a person with a preference for taking a position opposed to that of the majority view prevalent in the group of which they are a part. A contrarian style of journalism, for instance Slate magazine, has been popular, but has also been the subject of severe criticism. Contrarian styles of argument have historically been associated
- Dissenter The term dissenter , labels one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc. In the social and religious history of England and Wales, however, it refers particularly to a member of a religious body who has, for one reason or another, separated from the Established Church (religion)
- Dissident A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement
- Diversity
- Dorje Shugden Dorje Shugden , "Vajra Possessing Strength", or Dolgyal Shugden (Tibetan: དོལ་རྒྱལ་ཤུགས་ལྡན; Wylie: dol rgyal shugs ldan), "Shugden, King of Dhol" is a deity (Tib. lha) in Tibetan Buddhism, especially its Gelug school, for whom he was regarded as a Dharma Protector or "guardian angel.", Dorje Shugden controversy Dorje Shugden , "Vajra Possessing Strength", or in his regional appellation Dolgyal Shugden (Tibetan: དོལ་རྒྱལ་ཤུགས་ལྡན; Wylie: dol rgyal shugs ldan), "Shugden, King of Dhol" is a deity (Tib. lha) in Tibetan Buddhism, especially its Gelug school, for whom he was regarded as a Dharma Protector (about Dissent in Tibetan Buddhism)
- Empowerment Sociological empowerment often addresses members of groups that social discrimination processes have excluded from decision-making processes through - for example - discrimination based on disability, race, ethnicity, religion, or gender. Empowerment as a methodology is often associated with feminism: see consciousness-raising
- Faction A political faction is a grouping of individuals, especially within a political organization, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with a political purpose. It may also be referred to as a power bloc, or a voting bloc. The individuals within a faction are united in a common goal or set of common goals for the organization they
- Freedom of speech Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in
- Organizational Dissent Organizational dissent is the “expression of disagreement or contradictory opinions about organizational practices and policies” . Since dissent involves disagreement it can lead to conflict, which if not resolved, can lead to violence and struggle. As a result, many organizations send the message – verbally or nonverbally – that dissent
- Political dissent Political dissent refers to any expression designed to convey dissatisfaction with or opposition to the policies of a governing body. Such expression may take forms from vocal disagreement to civil disobedience to the use of violence. Historically, repressive governments have sought to punish political dissent. The protection of freedoms that
- Satire Satire is primarily a literary genre or form, although in practice it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts. In satire, vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, and society itself, into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be funny, its greater
- Schism
- Verbal offence Verbal offence is a crime that exists in many countries that impose limitations on freedom of speech. It refers to dissent and/or blasphemy. Laws that penalize "verbal offences" are often used as an instrument of government and state oppression
- Whistleblower A whistleblower is a person who raises a concern about wrongdoing occurring in an organization or body of people. Usually this person would be from that same organization. The revealed misconduct may be classified in many ways; for example, a violation of a law, rule, regulation and/or a direct threat to public interest, such as fraud, health/
References
- ^ Bailey, Gordon Ideology: Structuring Identities in Contemporary Life, p.124
- ^ Kozol, J. Jonathan Kozol is a non-fiction writer, educator, and activist, best known for his books on public education in the United States. Kozol graduated from Noble and Greenough School in 1954, and Harvard University summa cum laude in 1958 with a degree in English Literature. He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford. He did not, (1981) Foreword. In Mackie, R. (Ed.), Literacy and revolution: The pedagogy of Paulo Freire. p.XV
- ^ Marx to Ruge. Kreuznach, September 1843. Letter from the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher The Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher was a journal published in Paris by Karl Marx and Arnold Ruge. This is where Marx had published his On The Jewish Question. It was created as a reaction to the censorship of the Rheinische Zeitung. Only one issue, a double number, appeared in February 1844. The publication was discontinued, because of Marx's. (Marxists.org) as cited in Wilhelm Reich Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry. He was the author of several notable textbooks, including The Mass Psychology of Fascism and Character Analysis, both published in 1933 (1936) prefaction to Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf [Sexuality in the Culture Struggle], is a fundamental work by Wilhelm Reich. The subtitle is zur sozialistischen Umstrukturierung des Menschen [for the socialist restructuring of humans]. The double title reflects the two-part structure of the work; the first part "analyzes the crisis of the bourgeois sexual
Categories: Dissent Categories: Conflict | Social psychology | Group processes | Political activism | Freedom of expression | Political activism
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hu, 25 Mar 2010 18:20:00 GM
Baird and Tonja Jacobi, a professor of law at Northwestern University, have developed a formal mathematical model predicting the use of issue manipulation in . dissenting. opinions to transform future coalitions. ...
